Table 2

Karyotypes in the Family Iguanidae

Genera are those in Peters and Donoso-Barros (1970) unless otherwise noted. References for number of species karyotyped and diploid number is Gorman 1973 or this paper unless otherwise noted.

Because they do not appear on the Etheridge dendrogram, two recently described genera have been omitted from the table:

Vilcunia Donoso-Barros and Cei, J. Herp. 5: 90. 1971.

Pelusaurus Donoso-Barros, Neotropica 19: 132. 1973.

Both are said to be allied to Liolaemus and Proctotretus. Etheridge (personal communication) infers from their descriptions that they are allied to the Liolaemus-Phrynosaura-Ctenoblepharis complex and not to Proctotretus.

1. Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. 1962. Neue Unterarten der Meerechse, Amblyrhynchus cristatus, nebst weiteren Angaben zur Biologie der Art. Senckenbergiana, Biol. 43: 177-199.
2. This is only a rough approximation. Continental members of the genus are in general poorly understood, and species are still being discovered in Hispaniola and Cuba.
3. We include unpublished data from material in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
4. Etheridge (personal communication) after examination of specimens prefers to recognize the genus as distinct from Leiosaurus. Cf Muller, L." 1922: Uber Aperopristis paronae Peracca und die Genera Aperopristis Peracca und Leiosaurus Dumcril and Bibron. Senckenbergiana 4: 153-159.
5. Avery, D. and W. W. Tanner, 1970. Speciation in the Fijian and Tongan iguana Brnchylophus (Sauria, Iguanidae) with description of a new species. Great Basin Nat. 30: 166-172.
6. Smith, H. and E. H. Taylor, 1950. An annotated checklist and key to the reptiles of Mexico, exclusive of the snakes. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 199: 1-253. Cophosaurus (Holbrookia) texana is placed with Callisaurus here. See Norris, K. S., 1958. The evolution and systematics of the iguanid genus Uma and its relation to the evolution of other North American desert reptiles. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 114: 247-326, and Axtell, quoted by Norris. The only important character separating the two genera is the condition of the car opening, which is evaluated as less important than characters separating other sceloporine genera. In fact, it would not be unreasonable to lump the three sand-swimming genera, Callisaurus, Holbrookia and Uma. This larger genus would still have only 10 species.
7. Angel, F. 1942. Les Lezards de Madagascar. Mem. l'Acad. Malgache 34: 1-193.
8. Garrido, O. H. and A. Schwartz, 1968. Cuban lizards of the genus Chamaeleolis. Quart. J. Fla. Acad. ScL 30: 197-220.
9. Thomas, R. 1966. A reassessment of the herpetofauna of Navassa Island. J. Ohio Herp. Soc. 5: 73-89.
10. Montanucci, R. 1969. Remarks on the Crotaphytus-Gambelia controversy (Sauria: Iguanidae) . Herpetologica 25: 308-314. Montanucci. R. 1970. Analysis of hybridization between Crotaphytus wislizenii and Crotaphytus silus (Sauria, Iguanidae) in California, Copeia 1970: 101-123.
11. Cei, J. 1974. Two new species of Ctenoblepharis (Reptilia, Iguanidae) from the arid environments of Central Argentina (Mendoza Province). }. Herp. 8: 71. In contrast to Cei, we continue to recognize Phrynosaura as distinct from Ctenoblepharis. On the key character of juxtaposed versus imbricate dorsals. Cei's two new species are Ctenoblepharis.
12. Etheridge follows an unpublished MS by Clayton E. Ray in uniting Enyaliosaurus and Ctenosaura.
13. fide Albert Schwartz and Michael Carey, who are preparing a revision of the genus.
14. Smith and Taylor 1950, as in footnote 6 above.
15. Etheridge, R. 1969. A review of the iguanid genus Enyalius. Bull.. Brit. Mus. (N.H.) . Zool. 18: 233-260.
16. Williams, K. L. and H. M. Smith. 1958. Herpetologica 13: 265-267.
17. Etheridge, R. 1966 (The systematic relationships of West Indian and South American lizards referred to the iguanid genus I.eiocephalus. Copeia 1966: 79-91) listed 16 species in his restricted genus Leiocephalus. Subsequent to 1966, Schwartz, by reinterpretation of already described forms, has raised the number to 20. 0. H. Garrido, 1973 (Nueva especies de Leiocephalus (Lacertilia, Iguanidae) para Cuba. Poeyana No. 116: 1-19) has added a 21st species.
18. Richard Sage (personal communication) believes the taxonomy of Liolaemus to be still in a very primitive state. He suggests that the genus may contain as many as 100 biological species.
19. Fritts, T. H. 1974. A multivariate evolutionary analysis of the Andean iguanid lizards of the genus Stenocercus. Mem. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 7: 1-89. Fritts reallocates to Stenocercus a number of the species formerly placed in Ophryoessoides, leaving only six described and two undescribed species in the genus.
20. Lazell, J. D. 1969. The genus Phenacosaurus (Sauna: Iguanidae). Breviora No. 325: 1-24.
21. Presch, W. 1969. Evolutionary osteology and relationships of the horned lizard genus Phrynosoma (family Iguanidae). Copeia 1969: 250-275.
22. Cei, J. M. and L. P. Castro, 1973. Taxonomic and serological researches on the Phymaturus patagonicus complex. J. Herp. 7: 237-247.
23. Etheridge (in a letter): "I know of no reference that presents evidence for or against recognition of this genus. Most, but not all, recent authors include the species semitaeniatus in Tropidurus".
24. Gorman. G. C., R. B. Huey and E. E. Williams, 1969. Cytotaxonomic studies on some unusual iguanid lizards assigned to the genera Chamaeleolis, Polychrus, Polychroides and Phenacosaurus, with behavioral notes. Breviora No. 316: 1-17. Polychroides synonymized with Polychrus.
25. Peccinini, D, 1969. Variacao nos cromossomos do lagarto Polychrus marmoratus (Sauria, Iguanidae) de diferentes localidodes (Nota preliminar). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 30: 1-4. (The Polychrus from Sao Paulo with 2n = 20 is actually P. acutirostris [P. Vanzolini, pers. comm). See also Peccinini, D. Becak, O. Frota-Pessoa and Iris Ferrari, 1971. Sex determination of the "pseudo-XO/XX" type in the Brazilian lizard Polychrus sp. (Sauria, Iguanidae) . Caryologia 24: 129-139, and Becak, M. L., W. Becak and L. Denaro, 1972. Chromosome polymorphism, geographical variation and karyotypes in Sauria. Caryologia 25: 313-326.
26. "Barrio (1969) has demonstrated Cupriguanus araucanus Gallardo 1964 is conspecific with Leiosaurus fasciatus Dorbigny in Dumeril and Bibron 1857. Barrio used the combination Cupriguanus fasciatus. However, Leiosaurus fasciatus was in 1843 designated the type of Pristidactylus by Fitzinger. If fasciatus is congeneric with achalensis, the type of Cupriguanus, the latter becomes a junior synonym of Pristidactylus which then would be regarded as having four species, fasciatus Dorbigny 1837, scapulatus Burmeister 1861, achalensis Gallardo 1964 and casuhatiensis Gallardo 1968." Etheridge (personal communication) .
27. Lowe, C. H. and M. D. Robinson, 1971. The chromosome pattern in Sator grandaevus (Reptilia: Iguanidae) , Baja California, Mexico. J. Arizona Acad. Sci. 6: 282.
28. Robinson, M. D. 1974. Chromosomes of the insular Species of the chuckwalla lizards (genus Sauromalus) in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Herpetologica 30: 162-167.
29. Sixty-four Sreloporus species are currcntiv recognized. When taxonomic revisions suggested bv Hall, 1973 are incorporated, this number will he raised to about 72, with considerable uncertainty remaining concerning the number of biological species to be recognized within the torquatus and formosus species groups.
30. Etheridge, R. 1964. A review of the iguanid lizard genera Urocentron and Strobilurus. Bull. Brit. Mus. (N.H.) , Zool. 17: 48-64.
31. Williams, K, L., P. S. Chrapliwy and H. M. Smith, 1959. A new fringe-footed lizard from Mexico. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 62: 166-162; Mayhew, W. W. 1964. Taxonomic status of California populations of the lizard genus Uma. Herpetologica 20: 170-183.
32. Ballinger, R. E. and D. W. Tinkle, 1972. Systematics and evolution of the genus Uta (Sauria: Iguanidae) . Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan No. 141: 1-83.